Used car buying guides and checklists

Start with the buying process

A used-car purchase should not begin with a salesperson asking how much you want your monthly payment to be. Start with your budget, the type of vehicle you need, and the total cost you can realistically afford. The FTC recommends considering costs such as registration, insurance, fuel and maintenance alongside the purchase price.

What to check before buying a used car

Once you find a vehicle you are interested in, move beyond the listing photos and seller description. Get the VIN, research the vehicle's history, check for open recalls, and inspect the car carefully.

A vehicle history report can reveal useful information about title history, accidents or other reported events, but it is not a substitute for an independent mechanical inspection. The FTC recommends having a mechanic inspect a used vehicle before purchase, including when the dealer says the car has already been inspected.

• Confirm the vehicle identification number (VIN).
• Review the vehicle history and title information.
• Check for open safety recalls.
• Inspect the exterior, tires, glass and lights.
• Check the interior, controls and warning lights.
• Look under the hood for obvious leaks or damage.
• Take a proper test drive in different conditions where possible.
• Arrange an independent inspection before committing to the purchase.

Understand the price before you negotiate

The advertised price is not always the same as the amount you will ultimately pay. Ask for the vehicle's out-the-door price in writing, including applicable taxes and fees, before you get drawn into a financing discussion. This makes it easier to compare offers and spot additional charges or add-ons.

When financing, compare the APR, loan term, finance charge, down payment and total amount paid rather than judging an offer only by its monthly payment. A longer loan can reduce the monthly payment while increasing the overall cost.

Know the dealer paperwork

When buying from a dealer, look for the FTC Buyers Guide on the used vehicle. It indicates whether the car is being sold with a warranty or “as is” and contains other important information. The FTC also recommends getting promises in writing and reviewing the paperwork carefully before signing.

Do not assume that federal law gives you three days to return a car after buying it. The FTC says federal law generally does not require dealers to provide a three-day cancellation period, although state rules and a dealer's own return policy can differ.

More used-car resources

Use these resources together rather than relying on a single check. Research helps you choose the vehicle. A history report provides background. A physical inspection helps identify condition issues. Pricing and financing research help you understand the financial side of the transaction.

CarBuyAdvisor provides general educational information for car shoppers. It is not legal, financial or mechanical advice. Rules, taxes, fees and consumer protections can vary by state and transaction.